Enhancing Teak (Tectona grandis) Seedling Growth by Rhizosphere Microbes: A Sustainable Way to Optimize Agroforestry

With its premium wood quality and resistance to pests, teak is a valuable tree species remarkably required for timber trading agroforestry. The nursery stage of plantation needs critical care warrant long-term productivity. This study aimed search beneficial rhizosphere microbes assess their teak-growth-promoting potentials during stock preparation. Three rhizosphere/root-associated microbes, including two rhizobacteria (a nitrogen-fixing root endophyte-Agrobacterium sp. CGC-5 actinobacterium-Kitasatospora TCM1-050) an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Claroideoglomus PBT03), were isolated used in this study. Both could produce vitro phytohormones (auxins) catalase. the pot-scale assessments, applying these form consortia offered better activities than individual applications, supported by significantly increased seedling biomass. Moreover, roles highly dependent upon support other rhizobacteria. Based on our findings, establishing synergistic interactions between roots was promising sustainable strategy enhance growth development at reduce chemical inputs